over

o|ver¹ W1S1 [ˈəuvə US ˈouvər] prep

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1¦(above)¦

2¦(covering)¦

3¦(across)¦

4¦(on the other side)¦

5¦(down from something )¦

6¦(in many parts of something)¦

7¦(no longer affected)¦

8¦(more than)¦

9¦(during)¦

10¦(concerning)¦

11¦(controlling)¦

12¦(better)¦

13¦(by telephone/radio)¦

14 over and above

15¦(louder than something)¦

16¦(preferring)¦

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[: Old English; Origin: ofer]

1.) ¦(ABOVE)¦

above or higher than something, without touching it

≠ ↑under

▪ A lamp hung over the table.

▪ She leaned over the desk to answer the phone.

▪ The sign over the door said 'Mind your head'.

▪ We watched a helicopter flying low over the harbour.

2.) ¦(COVERING)¦

on something or covering it

≠ ↑under

▪ Over the body lay a thin white sheet.

▪ She wore a large jacket over her sweater.

▪ Mind you don't spill coffee over my best tablecloth.

3.) ¦(ACROSS)¦

from one side of something to the other side of it

▪ Somehow the sheep had jumped over the fence.

▪ The road over the mountains is steep and dangerous.

▪ a bridge over the River Thames

▪ Their house has a magnificent view over the bay.

4.) ¦(ON THE OTHER SIDE)¦

on the opposite side of something from where you already are

▪ There's a bus stop just over the road.

▪ They live over the river in Richmond.

5.) ¦(DOWN FROM SOMETHING )¦

down from the edge of something

▪ The car plunged over a cliff.

6.) ¦(IN MANY PARTS OF SOMETHING)¦

in or to many parts of a particular place, organization, or thing

▪ He used to wander over the moors, losing all track of time.

all over (sth)

(=in every part)

▪ They said they had cleaned up but there were bottles all over the place.

▪ Scientists from all over the world gather here.

7.) ¦(NO LONGER AFFECTED)¦

if you are over an illness or a bad experience or situation, you are no longer affected by it

→↑recover

▪ I think we're over the worst of the crisis now.

▪ He had a fever last night, but he seems to be over it now.

▪ Sybil has never got over the shock of her mother's death.

▪ I'm over him now (=I am no longer in love with him) .

8.) ¦(MORE THAN)¦

more than a particular number, amount, or level

≠ ↑under

▪ The Japanese were producing over 100 million tons of steel.

▪ toys suitable for children over the age of three

▪ drivers who go over the speed limit

the over-30s/50s etc

(=people who are more than a particular age)

▪ a social club for the over-60s

9.) ¦(DURING)¦

during

▪ Will you be home over the summer vacation?

▪ Over a period of ten years he stole a million pounds from the company.

▪ Can we talk about this over dinner?

see usage note ↑since

10.)¦(CONCERNING)¦

about a particular subject, person or thing

▪ He's having problems over his income tax.

▪ a row over public expenditure

▪ There is concern over the bad image of the legal profession.

11.) ¦(CONTROLLING)¦

in control of or influencing someone or something

▪ Genghiz ruled over an empire that stretched from Persia across to China.

▪ She had great personal influence and power over her followers.

12.) ¦(BETTER)¦

used to say that someone or something is more successful or better than someone or something else

▪ Ipswich's 3-1 win over Manchester City

▪ Can Labour maintain its lead over the Conservatives?

▪ It has one great advantage over its rivals.

13.) ¦(BY TELEPHONE/RADIO)¦

using something such as a telephone or radio

▪ I don't want to talk about this over the telephone.

▪ I heard the news over the radio.

14.) over and above

in addition to something

▪ He gets a travel allowance over and above his existing salary.

15.) ¦(LOUDER THAN SOMETHING)¦

making a sound louder than another sound

▪ 'What?' he yelled over the noise of the engine and the wind.

16.) ¦(PREFERRING)¦

if you choose one thing over another, you choose that thing rather than the other

▪ What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant over another?

over ²

over² W1S1 adv, adj

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1¦(falling down)¦

2¦(bending/folding)¦

3¦(across)¦

4¦(in or to a place)¦

5¦(finished)¦

6¦(to the side)¦

7¦(giving)¦

8¦(changing)¦

9¦(turning)¦

10¦(more than)¦

11¦(very/too)¦

12¦(remaining)¦

13¦(covered)¦

14¦(above)¦

15¦(talking/thinking/reading)¦

16¦(again)¦

17 over and over (again)

18 twice over/three times over etc

19 all over again

20 over to somebody

21¦(radio message)¦

22 over against something

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1.) ¦(FALLING DOWN)¦

from an upright position into a position of lying on a surface

▪ He was so drunk he fell over in the road.

▪ Mind you don't knock the candle over.

▪ Engineers are working to prevent the tower from toppling over.

2.) ¦(BENDING/FOLDING)¦

so that someone or something is no longer straight or flat, but is bent or folded in the middle

▪ As Sheila bent over, a sudden pain shot up her back.

▪ He folded the paper over and put it in his pocket.

3.) ¦(ACROSS)¦

a) from one side of an object, space, or area to the other side

▪ There are only three canoes so some people will have to swim over.

▪ The wall was crumbling where children had climbed over.

▪ I went over (=crossed the room, street etc) to say hello, but Vincent didn't recognize me.

over to

▪ We flew over to the US to visit my Aunt Polly.

over from

▪ One of my cousins is coming over from France with his wife and daughter.

▪ Come over here and see what I've found.

b) in a place that is on the other side of a space or area

▪ Bill lives over on the other side of town.

▪ She was standing over by the window.

▪ Do you see that building over there?

4.) ¦(IN OR TO A PLACE)¦

in or to a particular house, city etc

▪ You really should come over and see our new house.

▪ I spent the whole day over at Gabby's place.

▪ We could drive over to Oxford this afternoon.

5.) ¦(FINISHED)¦

if an event or period of time is over, it has finished

▪ Is the meeting over yet?

over (and done) with

(=used about something unpleasant)

▪ I'm so glad the mid-term exams are over and done with.

▪ You'd better give them the bad news. Do it now - get it over with.

6.) ¦(TO THE SIDE)¦

towards one side

▪ The bus pulled over to the side of the road.

▪ Would you move over, so I can sit next to you.

7.) ¦(GIVING)¦

from one person or group to another

▪ The attacker was ordered to hand over his weapon.

▪ Most of the money has been signed over to his children.

8.) ¦(CHANGING)¦

from one position or system to another

▪ The guards change over at midnight.

▪ We switched over from electricity to gas because it was cheaper.

9.) ¦(TURNING)¦

so that the bottom or the other side of something can now be seen

▪ Turn the box over and open it at that end.

▪ Josh rolled over and went back to sleep.

10.)¦(MORE THAN)¦

more than or higher than a particular number, amount, or level

≠ ↑under

▪ Almost 40% of women are size 14 or over .

▪ People earning £33,000 and over will pay the higher rate of tax.

11.) ¦(VERY/TOO)¦

used before an adjective or adverb to mean 'very' or 'too'

▪ She didn't seem over pleased when I asked her to wait.

▪ Perhaps we were all over enthusiastic about the project.

12.) ¦(REMAINING)¦

an amount of something that is over is what remains after some of it has been used

▪ There should be some money over when I've paid all the bills.

▪ There was a little food left over from the party.

13.) ¦(COVERED)¦

used to show that something is completely covered with a substance or material

▪ Most of the windows have been boarded over.

▪ Parts of the river were iced over.

over with

▪ The door had been painted over with a bright red varnish.

14.) ¦(ABOVE)¦

above someone or something

▪ We stood on the roof watching the planes fly over.

15.) ¦(TALKING/THINKING/READING)¦

in a detailed and careful way

▪ After talking it over with my wife, I've decided to retire.

▪ I'll need time to read the contract over before I sign.

▪ Think it over carefully before you make a decision.

16.) ¦(AGAIN)¦

AmE if you start or do something over, you do it again

▪ I got mixed up and had to start over.

17.) over and over (again)

many times

▪ The way to learn the script is to say it to yourself over and over again.

18.) twice over/three times over etc

a) used to say how many times the same thing happens

▪ He sings each song twice over.

▪ The pattern is repeated many times over.

b) used to say by how much an amount is multiplied

▪ Trade between the two countries has increased five times over.

19.) all over again

used to emphasize that you do the whole of something again from the beginning, or that the same thing happens again

▪ Their first plan had gone wrong, so they had to start all over again.

▪ We had quarrelled about the money before, and now it was happening all over again.

20.) over to sb

used to say that it is now someone else's turn to do something, to speak etc

▪ I've done my best. Now it's over to the professionals.

21.) ¦(RADIO MESSAGE)¦

spoken used when communicating by radio to show that you have finished speaking

▪ Are you hearing me loud and clear? Over.

22.) over against sth

formal used to say what something is compared to or preferred to

▪ The Celtic Church maintained the Greek calendar over against that of Rome.

over ³

over³ n

the period of time in the game of ↑cricket during which six or eight balls are thrown by the same ↑bowler in one direction